United States

Egypt

Military & Security

The United States State Department authorized the sale of $5 billion worth of military equipment to Egypt, including $4.69 billion in equipment for M1A1 tanks, $630 million Hellfire air-to-surface missiles and $30 million in precision-guided munitions, Times of Israel reported Dec. 21.

U.S., Egypt: State Department Approves $5 Billion Arms Sale to Egypt

Ethiopia

Somalia

Turkey

Politics

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan announced that Ethiopia and Somalia had agreed on a joint declaration to resolve their bilateral dispute over Ethiopia's maritime port deal with Somalia's breakaway region of Somaliland, the Washington Post reported Dec. 11.

Ethiopia, Somalia: Ethiopia And Somalia Agree Joint Declaration to Deescalate Tensions Over Sea Access 

United Arab Emirates

Economics

In a Nov. 30 post on Truth Social, incoming U.S. President Donald Trump threatened to place 100% tariffs on members of the BRICS trade bloc if they backed a new BRICS currency to "replace" the U.S. dollar in international trade.

U.S., BRICS: Trump Threatens 100% Tariffs on BRICS Countries Over Proposed Joint Currency

The Central Bank of Egypt began the partial initial public offering process of selling around 30% of the state-owned United Bank, which is the second time in four years that Egypt has privatized a state-owned lender, Reuters reported on Nov. 20.

Egypt: Government Begins Partial Initial Public Offering of State-Owned United Bank

Kenya

Somalia's defense ministry confirmed on Nov. 8 that Ethiopian forces will not be part of the upcoming African Union Support and Stabilization Mission in Somalia, or AUSSOM, which will replace the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia peacekeeping mission in January 2025, BBC Amharic reported on Nov. 10.

Somalia, Ethiopia: Somalia Officially Bars Ethiopia From New AU Mission

Israel

Palestinian Territories

Israel-Hamas Conflict

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu reportedly rejected an Egyptian-proposed, two-day temporary cease-fire with the Palestinian militant group Hamas and denied the plan's existence in an Oct. 28 Likud party meeting after Reuters initially reported on the deal on Oct. 27.

Israel: Netanyahu Reportedly Rejects Proposal for Temporary Cease-Fire With Hamas

Nigeria

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Iran

Saudi Arabia

China

Indonesia

Malaysia

Thailand

Vietnam

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Belarus

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Russia

India

The BRICS summit in Kazan, Russia, adopted its summit declaration, which noted the creation of a BRICS "partner country" status, Reuters reported on Oct. 23.

BRICS: Bloc Creates Partner Status, Extends Status to 13 Countries

The annual BRICS summit under the motto "Strengthening Multilateralism for Just Global Development and Security" commenced in Russia's city of Kazan and will issue its final declaration on Oct. 23, The Moscow Times reported on Oct. 22.

Russia: BRICS Summit Commences in Kazan

Assessments

Moldova

Vehicles pass by a banner thanking outgoing Indonesian President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo and congratulating President-elect Prabowo Subianto and Vice President-elect Gibran Rakabuming Raka ahead of their Oct. 20 inauguration in Jakarta, Indonesia, on Oct. 17, 2024.

A look at what the coming week will bring -- and a list of recommended RANE articles from the week that was.

The Weekly Rundown: An Impeachment Case in Kenya, an Inauguration in Indonesia

A Somali National Army soldier participates in a military drill in Mogadishu on March 19, 2024.

Egypt and Somalia's deepening security coordination risks triggering armed clashes with Ethiopia that could undermine regional counterterrorism efforts and inflame ethnic tensions.

The Horn of Africa Braces for Conflict as an Anti-Ethiopia Alliance Takes Shape

Sudan

Middle East and North Africa

Bahrain

Iraq

Jordan

Kuwait

Lebanon

Oman

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Yemen

The Geopolitics of Water

Environment, Science & Technology

Science & Technology

Population growth, security vacuums, bad governance and climate change will increasingly strain the desert region's already scarce water supplies, raising the risk of social unrest, interstate conflict and violence from non-state actors.

The Geopolitics of Water: In the Middle East, Water Will Increasingly Become a Weapon and Driver of Conflict

Eritrea

Internally displaced people walk past the Tigrayan flag at the Tsehaye camp in Ethiopia's Shire, Tigray region, on July 16, 2024. 

Factionalism within the Tigray region's ruling party raises the prospect of resurging clashes in the region, threatening to undermine Ethiopia's recent peace and economic gains.

Tigray's Leadership Tussle Bodes Ill for Ethiopia

A 100-pound Egyptian banknote is held next to a $100 U.S. banknote near the Great Pyramids at Giza on Jan. 17, 2023.

To cut costs and boost revenue, Cairo will continue to enact IMF-recommended measures like subsidy cuts and tax reforms, but it will do so in a piecemeal fashion to avoid triggering unrest.

Egyptians Brace for More Austerity Measures as Cairo Eyes More IMF Loan Tranches

Angola

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Comoros

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Lesotho

Madagascar

Malawi

Mauritius

Mozambique

Namibia

Seychelles

Eswatini

Tanzania

Zambia

Zimbabwe

France

Yael Braun-Pivet, a French lawmaker for the ruling Renaissance party, delivers a speech after being reelected as National Assembly president following the third round of voting on July 18, 2024.

The Weekly Rundown: France Resumes Political Horse-Trading, Blinken Returns to Middle East

Morocco

Europe

Israeli soldiers guard a barrier, silhouetted against afternoon sun.

As Gaza moves closer to a post-war reality, political limitations in Israel and competing interests abroad muddy the waters of the region's future governance.

For Israel, the Challenge of Gaza's Future Governance Deepens

Snapshots

A map illustrating Turkey (in red) and the BRICS countries (in blue).

Joining BRICS would underscore Turkey's balancing act between the West and the Global South, but the organization's weaknesses will limit its potential for economic growth.

For Turkey, BRICS Is Far From a Political and Economic Panacea

The sun sets behind high voltage transmission towers along a highway in El-Shorouk, about 47 kilometers outside the city center of Cairo, on July 24, 2023. 

Energy

Egypt will struggle to increase its gas supplies and expand its renewable energy sector to keep up with the electricity needs of the country's growing population, portending more power cuts in the coming years.

Egypt's Energy Crisis Isn't Going Anywhere

Venezuela

Australia

New Zealand

Philippines

South Korea

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken on March 14, 2024, at Joint Base Andrews, Maryland.

Russia-Ukraine Conflict

U.S.-China Relations

The Weekly Rundown: Dueling U.S. and Chinese Diplomacy, a European Council Summit

Senegal

Taiwan

Germany

Displaced Palestinians camp near the fence separating the Gaza Strip from Egypt on Feb. 16, 2024, in the southern Gaza city of Rafah. Egypt will continue to prepare a contingency plan in case Palestinians cross the Egypt-Gaza border amid growing signs that the Rafah offensive could start as early as this week.

The Weekly Rundown: Egypt Plans for a Palestinian Influx, African Union Heads of State Meet

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket with its Crew Dragon capsule launches from Launch Complex 39A during Axiom's third private mission at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, on Jan. 18, 2024.

The Weekly Rundown: A Vote in Indonesia, U.S.-Iraq Military Negotiations and a U.S. Moon Mission

Located in the northeast corner of Africa, Egypt lies at the heart of the Arab World. Comprised of mostly uninhabitable desert, 99 percent of the country's 93 million people live along the banks of the Nile River. This region, from the Aswan High Dam to the Mediterranean shore is Egypt's core.    The Nile, while not commercially navigable, forms the basis of Egypt's irrigation-dependent agricultural sector. The long, narrow stretch of population requires expensive infrastructure development — especially related to transportation, straining the capital-poor government's resources.     The desert topography demands a great deal of investment on a national scale necessitating a strong central state, helping to explain Egypt's history of authoritarian regimes beginning with the pharaohs.     Egypt's main geographic challenge has been to develop beyond the narrow Nile corridor and project power eastward. The Saharan desert has largely insulated the Nile core from its western flank and contained Egypt's westward expansion.    Egypt has been able to translate its strong central government and border with Israel into developing a relationship with the United States, the key foreign backer protecting the Suez Canal and the northern coastline. This area contains the majority of Egypt's offshore hydrocarbon reserves.    The Sinai Desert has traditionally been the overland route of foreign invasion, but its more manageable geography also accommodates Egyptian attempts to interact with the Levant and Arabian Peninsula and competition with Saudi Arabia for the role of regional Arab hegemon.

The Difficulties of North African Reform

Egypt's Uphill Battle

The U.S. and the Balance of Power

Rebalancing Power in the Middle East

SITUATION REPORTS

U.S., Egypt: State Department Approves $5 Billion Arms Sale to Egypt

Ethiopia, Somalia: Ethiopia And Somalia Agree Joint Declaration to Deescalate Tensions Over Sea Access

U.S., BRICS: Trump Threatens 100% Tariffs on BRICS Countries Over Proposed Joint Currency

Egypt: Government Begins Partial Initial Public Offering of State-Owned United Bank

Somalia, Ethiopia: Somalia Officially Bars Ethiopia From New AU Mission

Israel: Netanyahu Reportedly Rejects Proposal for Temporary Cease-Fire With Hamas

BRICS: Bloc Creates Partner Status, Extends Status to 13 Countries

Russia: BRICS Summit Commences in Kazan

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