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India

Economics

Politics

Following three years of intermittent negotiations, the United Kingdom and India finalized a free trade agreement that aims to boost bilateral trade by an additional $34 billion by 2040 through expanded market access and reduced trade barriers, Reuters reported on May 6.

India, U.K.: Governments Finalize Free Trade Agreement

Pakistan

Environment, Science & Technology

Science & Technology

India reportedly initiated efforts to enhance the reservoir storage capacity at two hydroelectric projects in the Himalayan region of Kashmir, Reuters reported on May 5. 

India, Pakistan: India Launches Hydro Project Development in Kashmir

Military & Security

On April 30, Pakistan stated it had "credible intelligence" that suggested India was planning to conduct military action against the country within the next 24 to 36 hours, Reuters reported on the same day.

Pakistan: Country Claims Indian Military Action Is Imminent, Citing 'Credible Intelligence'

On April 26, Pakistani authorities reported that India released water from the Uri Dam in India-administered Kashmir without prior notice, causing water levels in the Jhelum River to rise by 22,000 cubic feet per second and prompting a partial flood warning in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, ARY News reported on April 27.

Pakistan, India: India Releases Floodwater, Pakistan Calls for Neutral Probe Into Kashmir Attack

The Indian and Pakistani armies exchanged fire across the Line of Control, which divides the disputed Kashmir region between India and Pakistan, with the Indian side alleging that Pakistan initiated the shooting, though there were no casualties and the exact location of the clash remains unclear, AP reported on April 25.

Pakistan, India: Troops Exchange Gunfire in Kashmir

India announced the suspension of the 1960 Indus Water Treaty and ordered Pakistani nationals within its territory to leave the country by April 27, following the April 22 attack by The Resistance Front that killed at least 26 people in the locality of Pahalgam, Jammu and Kashmir province, The Times of India reported on April 24.

India, Pakistan: Tensions Rise as Pakistan, India Downgrade Relations, Threaten Escalation

Police updated the casualty figures of the April 22 suspected militant attack at Baisaran meadow near the Kashmiri resort town of Pahalgam, raising the death toll to at least 26, with another 17 people wounded, making it one of the worst attacks on civilians in India since the 2008 Mumbai attacks, Reuters reported on April 23.

India: Kashmir Attack's Death Toll Rises, Pakistan-Linked Group Claims Responsibility

Energy

U.S. Vice President JD Vance began a four-day visit to India on April 21 and is scheduled talk with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Reuters reported the same day. 

India: U.S. Vice President Vance Arrives in India

Assessments

An Indian paramilitary trooper patrols a market area in Pahalgam, south of Srinagar, in India-held Kashmir, on April 29, 2025. 

India will likely soon launch limited military strikes against Pakistan in retaliation for the deadly April 22 Kashmir attack, raising the risk of escalation despite both sides' desire to avoid a full-scale war.

The Drivers and Constraints to a Wider India-Pakistan Conflict

Canada

Iran

Europe

Italy

Ukraine

Indian soldiers stand guard atop their vehicle in Srinagar, India, on April 23, 2025, following a deadly militant attack on tourists in Indian-administered Kashmir.

U.S.-Iran Relations

A look at what the coming week will bring -- and a list of recommended RANE articles from the week that was.

The Weekly Rundown: Escalating Pakistan-India Tensions, Canadian Elections and Pope Francis' Funeral

Media

Podcasts

Will India be able to stay on track for its growth goals?

Essential Geopolitics: The Outlook for India's Economy

An Indian paramilitary serviceman keeps watch in Pahalgam, south of Srinagar, on April 23, 2025, following a deadly attack in Indian-administered Kashmir. 

India and Pakistan's exchange of tit-for-tat diplomatic and economic moves is raising the risk of a military escalation, while also fueling domestic unrest due to rising nationalist sentiment in both countries.

India-Pakistan Tensions Surge Following Deadly Kashmir Attack

Bangladesh

Sri Lanka

A general view shows Sri Lanka's Colombo port on April 9, 2025.

Global Trade

Textile exports from Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Pakistan will suffer under new U.S. tariffs, worsening economic hardships and risking political instability.

South Asia's Textile Industry Reels From U.S. Tariffs

Pedestrians walk past a broadcast screen of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in Mumbai on April 3, 2025, airing news of U.S. President Donald Trump unveiling sweeping new trade tariffs. 

If implemented, Trump's threatened 27% tariff would severely hurt certain Indian sectors (e.g., pharmaceuticals), though other sectors (e.g., textiles) could benefit if India's main competitors end up facing even higher tariffs.

For India, High U.S. Tariffs Offer a Mixed Bag

Snapshots

New Zealand

United Kingdom

India's Prime Minister Narendra Modi (L) walks with New Zealand's Prime Minister Christopher Luxon (R) before their meeting at the Hyderabad House in New Delhi, India, on March 17, 2025. 

U.S. tariff threats are pushing India to revamp negotiations over free trade agreements, but protectionist trade policies and other obstacles will challenge the progression of talks.

India Dusts Off Old FTA Negotiations Ahead of U.S. Tariffs

Saudi Arabia

South Korea

Canadian flags are seen outside a building in Ottawa. 

The Weekly Rundown: Canada's Ruling Liberals Pick a New Leader, India and the EU Hold Trade Talks 

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi speaks during a luncheon at the U.S. State Department on June 23, 2023, in Washington, D.C.

Discussions between the two leaders will likely focus on addressing India's trade surplus with the U.S., exploring ways to mitigate potential tariffs, and deepening defense cooperation.

What To Expect From Modi's Meeting With Trump

Ecuador

Jordan

Jordan's King Abdullah II speaks to the press in the Cross Hall of the White House in Washington, D.C., on Feb. 12, 2024.

Russia-Ukraine Conflict

The Weekly Rundown: Trump Meets With India and Jordan's Leaders, Ecuador Holds Elections

Sub-Saharan Africa

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Ethiopia

Tanzania

Americas

Brazil

Colombia

Cuba

Haiti

Nicaragua

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Iraq

Israel

Lebanon

Palestinian Territories

Syria

Yemen

Cambodia

China

Indonesia

North Macedonia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Serbia

Albania

Kosovo

Russia

South Asia

Afghanistan

The lobby of the headquarters for the U.S. Agency for International Development is seen on Feb. 3, 2025, in Washington, D.C. 

Social Issues

Cuts to U.S.-funded humanitarian and development programs could worsen global health outcomes, destabilize security environments, accelerate democratic backsliding, and create opportunities for rival powers to expand their influence.

The Global Implications of Trump's Foreign Aid Cuts

Bangladeshi soldiers stand guard in Dhaka on July 27, 2024.

Since assuming power in August, Bangladesh's interim government has pursued closer ties with Pakistan and China, deepening India's concerns about regional stability and its declining influence over Dhaka.

Bangladesh's More Assertive Foreign Policy Puts India on Edge

<p>India is endowed with favorable geographic barriers. Surrounded by oceans on three sides and the formidable Himalayan Mountains to the north, what is now modern India has been free of outside interference for much of its long history. Its large geographic size and population, coupled with weaker peripheral nations on much of its boundaries, have allowed India to become the dominant force in South Asia. Home to the world&rsquo;s second-largest population, India&rsquo;s 1.3 billion people are spread out across the peninsular nation, from the foothills of the Himalayas to the tropical south. India&rsquo;s population core is settled along the Ganges river basin, a densely populated swath of fertile land that extends across the northern Himalayan border. India&rsquo;s primary geographic challenge comes from a lack of strong internal boundaries. Modern-day India struggles to rectify the ambitions of a relatively weak national government that competes with the prerogatives of strong, diverse states &mdash; a legacy of a long history of domestic infighting between various dynasties uninhibited by mountains or other defining geography. A similar lack of defining geography still plagues India&rsquo;s northwest border. Waves of Greek, Persian, and Mongols invaded, culminating in the Mughal Empire, which united much of the subcontinent prior to British conquest. The northwestern border still poses national security risks, due to ongoing disputes with Pakistan. But rising domestic consumption means India is increasingly dependent on imported goods from distant suppliers. Surrounded by water or impassable mountains, New Delhi now faces the additional task of developing naval capabilities to secure its critical supply routes, risking maritime tensions with China in the broader Indo-Pacific basin.</p>

SITUATION REPORTS

India, U.K.: Governments Finalize Free Trade Agreement

India, Pakistan: India Launches Hydro Project Development in Kashmir

Pakistan: Country Claims Indian Military Action Is Imminent, Citing 'Credible Intelligence'

Pakistan, India: India Releases Floodwater, Pakistan Calls for Neutral Probe Into Kashmir Attack

Pakistan, India: Troops Exchange Gunfire in Kashmir

India, Pakistan: Tensions Rise as Pakistan, India Downgrade Relations, Threaten Escalation

India: Kashmir Attack's Death Toll Rises, Pakistan-Linked Group Claims Responsibility

India: U.S. Vice President Vance Arrives in India

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