<p>The Middle East and North Africa is the world&#39;s crossroads. It encompasses the Arabian Peninsula, the mountains of Iran, the plains of Turkey, the deserts of the Levant, the lands north of the Sahara and all coasts in between. The story of the region, as is so often the case of places stuck between foreign players, is the story of trade, exchange and conflict. The traditional powers of the region are Turkey and Iran &mdash; Saudi Arabia and Egypt are the current Arab powers &mdash; and their competition for influence over the region&#39;s weaker states makes the Middle East and North Africa an arena of violence and instability.</p>

The Middle East and North Africa encompasses the Arabian Peninsula, the mountains of Iran, the plains of Turkey, the deserts of the Levant, the lands north of the Sahara and all coasts in between.

Middle East and North Africa

Algeria

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Egypt

Iran

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Israel

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The Yemen Civil War

The Libyan Civil War

The Fight Against the Islamic State

The Saudi Survival Strategy

The Kurdish Struggle

Iran's Arc of Influence

Israel's Survival Strategy

The Difficulties of North African Reform

Egypt's Uphill Battle

The Battle for Mosul

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The third quarter of 2025 will be defined by disruptive trade policies fueling supply chain volatility and the persistent risk of escalation in major conflicts.

2025 Third-Quarter Forecast: An Excerpt

United States

Australia

China

Japan

India

A photo taken in Tehran, Iran, on June 26, 2025, shows an Iranian political banner hanging near the remains of a residential building struck by an Israeli attack. 

Global Trade

A look at what the coming week will bring -- and a list of recommended RANE articles from the week that was.

The Weekly Rundown: Fragile Iran-Israel Ceasefire Holds, U.S. Tariff Deadline Approaches

U.S.-Iran Relations

Media

Forecast Webcast

Join our analysts for this webcast recording exploring key topics identified in RANE's 2025 Third-Quarter Forecast.

2025 Third-Quarter Forecast Webcast

U.S.-China Relations

An oil tanker is seen at Saudi Arabia’s port of Ras al-Khair. 

Energy

Despite the ceasefire, the risk of a renewed conflict remains, which could again drive oil prices higher if Iran and/or its proxies begin attacking regional oil infrastructure and shipping.

Assessing the Oil Market Volatility Caused by the Israel-Iran War

Snapshots

Iranian missiles aimed at targets in Israel pass through the sky over the West Bank on June 17, 2025. 

Even if the ceasefire holds in the coming weeks and months, outstanding U.S. and Israeli concerns with Iran's ballistic missile and nuclear programs could reignite hostilities.

The Iran-Israel Ceasefire Will Remain Fragile Amid Unresolved Disputes

Podcasts

Cyber

Environment, Science & Technology

What cyber limitations and capabilities do Iran and Israel have?

Essential Geopolitics: Increased Risk of Cyberattacks as Conflict With Iran Escalates

A photo taken on June 23, 2025, shows the remnants of an Iranian missile intercepted over Qatar. 

Absent further retaliation, Iran's June 23 attack offers a path to de-escalation, but there is still a chance, albeit slim, that additional U.S. strikes trigger a wider conflict.

With a Telegraphed Attack on a U.S. Base in Qatar, Iran Offers an Off-Ramp To Ease Tensions

A Northrop B-2 Spirit on July 4, 2020, near the White House in Washington. 

Even if carefully calibrated, Iranian retaliation of any form will risk inviting more U.S. strikes and greater escalation that could result in Iran following through on more of its significant threats against the regional oil and gas sector and/or the United States.

Iran's Retaliation Against the U.S. Will Likely Be Limited, but Will Still Risk Escalation

Democratic Republic of the Congo

Rwanda

Ukraine

Russia

Israeli air defense systems are activated to intercept Iranian missiles over the Israeli city of Tel Aviv early on June 18, 2025. 

The Weekly Rundown: Israel-Iran Conflict Rages On, NATO Holds Annual Summit

Columns

On Geopolitics

Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei addresses the nation in a state television broadcast on June 18, 2025, in Tehran, Iran. 

While Israel's airstrikes appear aimed at destabilizing the country, they are alone unlikely to collapse the Islamic Republic, as Iranian leaders would probably make significant concessions to ensure the regime's survival rather than let it fall.

Assessing the Potential for Regime Change in Iran

Greece

Egypt asked the United States to press Libyan National Army field marshal Khalifa Hifter and Libya's eastern parliament not to approve the 2019 Turkey-Libya agreement establishing their maritime border, Middle East Eye reported on July 2.

Libya: Egypt Pushes U.S. To Pressure Eastern Libya Not To Ratify 2019 Libya-Turkey Maritime Agreement

Indonesia

Indonesia will sign a $34 billion deal with U.S. companies on July 7 to increase U.S. imports and investment in a bid to avoid the threatened 32% U.S. tariff rate on its exports before the July 9 deadline, Reuters reported on July 3.

Indonesia, U.S., Saudi Arabia: Jakarta Pursues Bilateral Deals To Mitigate, Hedge Against Tariff Risks

A Hamas-run court reportedly gave the leader of the Israeli-backed Popular Forces gang, Yasser Abu Shabab, 10 days to surrender in preparation to be tried for treason and collaboration, according to statements posted by the group on social media on July 3.

Gaza: Hamas Cracks Down on Israeli-Backed Criminal Gang

Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian enacted a law suspending Iran's cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, Iranian state media reported on July 2.

Iran: Tehran Formally Suspends Cooperation With IAEA

Hamas rejected a U.S. proposal for a 60-day ceasefire in Gaza, saying it wanted a "complete end to the war" with Israel, The Times of Israel reported on July 2.

Israel, Gaza: U.S. Proposal for Temporary Ceasefire Struggles To Gain Traction

An Iranian-linked threat group that previously hacked U.S. President Donald Trump's 2024 campaign is now threatening to release another trove of emails from his associates, including White House chief of staff Susie Wiles and personal advisor Roger Stone, Reuters reported June 30.

U.S.: Iranian Threat Actors Threaten To Release Emails Linked to Trump Aides

Turkey's Izmir prosecutor ordered the detention of 157 people, many of whom are members of the opposition Republican People's Party, or CHP, including a former mayor of Izmir, a CHP provincial chair and other former members of the city administration, Hurriyet reported on July 1.

Turkey: 157 Opposition Figures Arrested in Izmir Crackdown

U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order to partially lift sanctions on Syria, the White House announced on June 30.

U.S., Syria: U.S. Lifts Some, but Not All, Sanctions on Syria

Middle East and North Africa

SITUATION REPORTS

Libya: Egypt Pushes U.S. To Pressure Eastern Libya Not To Ratify 2019 Libya-Turkey Maritime Agreement

Indonesia, U.S., Saudi Arabia: Jakarta Pursues Bilateral Deals To Mitigate, Hedge Against Tariff Risks

Gaza: Hamas Cracks Down on Israeli-Backed Criminal Gang

Iran: Tehran Formally Suspends Cooperation With IAEA

Israel, Gaza: U.S. Proposal for Temporary Ceasefire Struggles To Gain Traction

U.S.: Iranian Threat Actors Threaten To Release Emails Linked to Trump Aides

Turkey: 157 Opposition Figures Arrested in Izmir Crackdown

U.S., Syria: U.S. Lifts Some, but Not All, Sanctions on Syria

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